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.TH RECV 3XNET "September 10, 2018"
.SH NAME
recv \- receive a message from a connected socket
.SH SYNOPSIS
.LP
.nf
\fBcc\fR [ \fIflag\fR ... ] \fIfile\fR ... \fB-lxnet\fR [ \fIlibrary\fR ... ]
#include <sys/socket.h>

\fBssize_t\fR \fBrecv\fR(\fBint\fR \fIsocket\fR, \fBvoid *\fR\fIbuffer\fR, \fBsize_t\fR \fIlength\fR, \fBint\fR \fIflags\fR);
.fi

.SH DESCRIPTION
.LP
The  \fBrecv()\fR function receives a message from a connection-mode or
connectionless-mode socket. It is normally used with connected sockets because
it does not permit the application to retrieve the source address of received
data. The function takes the following arguments:
.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fIsocket\fR\fR
.ad
.RS 10n
Specifies the socket file descriptor.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fIbuffer\fR\fR
.ad
.RS 10n
Points to a buffer where the message should be stored.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fIlength\fR\fR
.ad
.RS 10n
Specifies the length in bytes of the buffer pointed to by the \fIbuffer\fR
argument.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fIflags\fR\fR
.ad
.RS 10n
Specifies the type of message reception.  Values of this argument are formed by
logically OR'ing zero or more of the following values:
.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fBMSG_PEEK\fR
.ad
.RS 15n
Peeks at an incoming message.  The data is treated as unread and the next
\fBrecv()\fR or similar function will still return this data.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fBMSG_OOB\fR
.ad
.RS 15n
Requests out-of-band data. The significance and semantics of out-of-band data
are protocol-specific.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fBMSG_WAITALL\fR
.ad
.RS 15n
Requests that the function block until the full amount of data requested can be
returned.  The function may return a smaller amount of data if a signal is
caught, if the connection is terminated,  if \fBMSG_PEEK\fR was specified, or
if an error is pending for the socket.
.RE

.RE

.sp
.LP
The \fBrecv()\fR function returns the length of the message written to the
buffer pointed to by the \fIbuffer\fR argument.  For message-based sockets such
as \fBSOCK_DGRAM\fR and \fBSOCK_SEQPACKET\fR, the entire message must be read
in a single operation.  If a message is too long to fit in the supplied buffer,
and \fBMSG_PEEK\fR is not set in the \fIflags\fR argument, the excess bytes are
discarded.  For stream-based sockets such as \fBSOCK_STREAM\fR, message
boundaries are ignored.  In this case, data is returned to the user as soon as
it becomes available, and no data is discarded.
.sp
.LP
If the \fBMSG_WAITALL\fR flag is not set, data will be returned only up to the
end of the first message.
.sp
.LP
If no messages are available at the socket and \fBO_NONBLOCK\fR is not set on
the socket's file descriptor, \fBrecv()\fR blocks until a message arrives.  If
no messages are available at the socket and \fBO_NONBLOCK\fR is set on the
socket's file descriptor, \fBrecv()\fR fails and sets \fBerrno\fR to
\fBEAGAIN\fR or \fBEWOULDBLOCK\fR.
.SH USAGE
.LP
The \fBrecv()\fR function is identical to \fBrecvfrom\fR(3XNET) with a zero
\fIaddress_len\fR argument, and to \fBread()\fR if no flags are used.
.sp
.LP
The \fBselect\fR(3C) and \fBpoll\fR(2) functions can be used to determine when
data is available to be received.
.SH RETURN VALUES
.LP
Upon successful completion, \fBrecv()\fR returns the length of the message in
bytes.  If no messages are available to be received and the peer has performed
an orderly shutdown, \fBrecv()\fR returns 0.  Otherwise, -1 is returned and
\fBerrno\fR is set to indicate the error.
.SH ERRORS
.LP
In addition to the errors documented below, an asynchronous error generated by
the underlying socket protocol may be returned. For the full list of errors,
please see the corresponding socket protocol manual page. For example, for a
list of TCP errors, please see \fBtcp\fR(4P).
.sp
.LP
The \fBrecv()\fR function will fail if:
.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBEAGAIN\fR \fR
.ad
.br
.na
\fB\fBEWOULDBLOCK\fR\fR
.ad
.RS 15n
The socket's file descriptor is marked \fBO_NONBLOCK\fR and no data is waiting
to be received; or \fBMSG_OOB\fR is set and no out-of-band data is available
and either the socket's file descriptor is marked \fBO_NONBLOCK\fR or the
socket does not support blocking to await out-of-band data.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBEBADF\fR\fR
.ad
.RS 15n
The \fIsocket\fR argument is not a valid file descriptor.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBECONNRESET\fR\fR
.ad
.RS 15n
The \fIsocket\fR argument refers to a connection oriented socket and the
connection was forcibly closed by the peer and is no longer valid. I/O can no
longer be performed to \fIfiledes\fR.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBEFAULT\fR\fR
.ad
.RS 15n
The  \fIbuffer\fR parameter can not be accessed or written.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBEINTR\fR\fR
.ad
.RS 15n
The \fBrecv()\fR function was interrupted by a signal that was caught, before
any data was available.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBEINVAL\fR\fR
.ad
.RS 15n
The \fBMSG_OOB\fR flag is set and no out-of-band data is available.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBENOTCONN\fR\fR
.ad
.RS 15n
A receive is attempted on a connection-mode socket that is not connected.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBENOTSOCK\fR\fR
.ad
.RS 15n
The \fIsocket\fR argument does not refer to a socket.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBEOPNOTSUPP\fR\fR
.ad
.RS 15n
The specified flags are not supported for this socket type or protocol.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBETIMEDOUT\fR\fR
.ad
.RS 15n
The connection timed out during connection establishment, or due to a
transmission timeout on active connection.
.RE

.sp
.LP
The \fBrecv()\fR function may fail if:
.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBEIO\fR\fR
.ad
.RS 11n
An I/O error occurred while reading from or writing to the file system.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBENOBUFS\fR\fR
.ad
.RS 11n
Insufficient resources were available in the system to perform the operation.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBENOMEM\fR\fR
.ad
.RS 11n
Insufficient memory was available to fulfill the request.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBENOSR\fR\fR
.ad
.RS 11n
There were insufficient STREAMS resources available for the operation to
complete.
.RE

.SH ATTRIBUTES
.LP
See \fBattributes\fR(7) for descriptions of the following attributes:
.sp

.sp
.TS
box;
c | c
l | l .
ATTRIBUTE TYPE	ATTRIBUTE VALUE
_
Interface Stability	Standard
_
MT-Level	MT-Safe
.TE

.SH SEE ALSO
.LP
.BR poll (2),
.BR select (3C),
.BR recvfrom (3XNET),
.BR recvmsg (3XNET),
.BR send (3XNET),
.BR sendmsg (3XNET),
.BR sendto (3XNET),
.BR shutdown (3XNET),
.BR socket (3XNET),
.BR tcp (4P),
.BR attributes (7),
.BR standards (7)
